October 25

October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 67 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1147 – The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a four-month siege.
• 1147 – Seljuk Turks completely annihilate German crusaders under Conrad III at the Battle of Dorylaeum.
• 1415 – The army of Henry V of England defeats the French at the Battle of Agincourt.
• 1616 – Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the Western Australian coast.
• 1747 – British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke defeats the French at the second battle of Cape Finisterre.
• 1760 – George III becomes King of Great Britain.
• 1813 – War of 1812: Canadians and Mohawks defeat the Americans in the Battle of Chateauguay.
• 1828 – The St Katharine Docks opened in London.
• 1854 – The Battle of Balaklava during the Crimean War (Charge of the Light Brigade).
• 1861 – The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
• 1900 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.
• 1917 – Traditionally understood date of the October Revolution, involving the capture of the Winter Palace, Petrograd, Russia. The date refers to the Julian Calendar date, and corresponds with November 7 in the Gregorian calendar.
• 1920 – After 74 days on Hunger Strike in Brixton Prison, England, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, Terence MacSwiney died.
• 1924 – The forged Zinoviev Letter is published in the Daily Mail, wrecking the British Labour Party's hopes of re-election.
• 1935 – Hurricane floods Haiti, killing over 2,000 people.
• 1938 – The Archbishop of Dubuque, Francis J. L. Beckman, denounces swing music as "a degenerated musical system... turned loose to gnaw away at the moral fiber of young people", warning that it leads down a "primrose path to hell".
• 1944 – Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.
• 1944 – The USS Tang under Richard O'Kane (the top American submarine captain of World War II) is sunk by the ship's own malfunctioning torpedo.
• 1944 – The Romanian Army liberates Carei, the last Romanian city under Axis Powers occupation.
• 1944 – Battle of Leyte Gulf, the largest naval battle in history, takes place in and around the Philippines between the Imperial Japanese Navy and the U.S. Third and U.S. Seventh Fleets.
• 1945 – The Republic of China takes over administration of Taiwan following Japan's surrender to the Allies.
• 1962 – Cuban missile crisis: Adlai Stevenson shows photos at the UN proving Soviet missiles are installed in Cuba.
• 1962 – Uganda joins the United Nations.
• 1962 – Nelson Mandela is sentenced to five years in prison.
• 1971 – The United Nations seated the People's Republic of China and expelled the Republic of China (see political status of Taiwan and China and the United Nations)
• 1972 – The Washington Post reports that White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman is the fifth person to control a secret cash fund designed to finance illegal political sabotage and espionage during the 1972 presidential election campaign (see also Watergate scandal).
• 1977 – Digital Equipment Corporation releases OpenVMS V1.0.
• 1980 – Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction conclude at The Hague.
• 1983 – Operation Urgent Fury: The United States and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and several of his supporters are executed in a coup d'état.
• 1991 – History of Slovenia: Three months after the end of the Ten-Day War, the last soldier of the Yugoslav People's Army leaves the territory of the Republic of Slovenia.
• 1992 – Lithuania holds a referendum on its first post-Soviet constitution.
• 1995 – A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing seven students.
• 1997 – After a brief civil war which has driven President Pascal Lissouba out of Brazzaville, Denis Sassou-Nguesso proclaims himself the President of the Republic of the Congo.
• 2004 – Fidel Castro, Cuba's President, announces that transactions using the American Dollar will be banned by November 8.
• 2007 – The first Airbus A380 passenger flight, operating for Singapore Airlines, with flight number SQ 380, flying scheduled service between Singapore and Sydney, Australia.
• 2009 – The 25 October 2009 Baghdad bombings kills 155 and wounds at least 721.

Births

• 1102 – William Clito, Count of Flanders (d. 1128)
• 1330 – Louis II of Flanders (d. 1384)
• 1510 – Renée of France, French princess (d. 1574)
• 1683 – Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, British politician (d. 1757)
• 1759 – Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg), Russian empress (d. 1828)
• 1759 – William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, British politician (d. 1834)
• 1767 – Benjamin Constant, Swiss writer (d. 1830)
• 1772 – Geraud Duroc, French general (d. 1813)
• 1782 – Levi Lincoln, Jr., 13th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1868)
• 1802 – Joseph Montferrand, Canadian logger and strong man (d. 1864)
• 1806 – Max Stirner, German philosopher (d. 1856)
• 1811 – Évariste Galois, French mathematician (d. 1832)
• 1825 – Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer (d. 1899)
• 1838 – Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
• 1856 – Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger, Croatian paleontologist (d. 1936)
• 1864 – Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (d. 1956)
• 1864 – John Francis Dodge, American automobile pioneer (d. 1920)
• 1867 – Józef Dowbór-Muśnicki, Polish general (d. 1937)
• 1881 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1973)
• 1886 – Leo G. Carroll, English actor (d. 1972)
• 1888 – Richard E. Byrd, American explorer (d. 1957)
• 1888 – Nils von Dardel, Swedish painter (d. 1943)
• 1889 – Abel Gance, French film director (d. 1981)
• 1889 – Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball pitcher (d. 1985)
• 1891 – Father Coughlin, Roman Catholic priest and radio broadcaster (d. 1979)
• 1895 – Levi Eshkol, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1969)
• 1902 – Henry Steele Commager, American historian (d. 1998)
• 1902 – Eddie Lang, American jazz guitarist (d. 1933)
• 1903 – Katharine Byron, U.S. Congresswoman (d. 1976)
• 1903 – Harry Shoulberg, American painter (d. 1995)
• 1908 – Edmond Pidoux, Swiss writer (d. 2004)
• 1910 – William Higinbotham, American physicist (d. 1994)
• 1912 – Minnie Pearl, American comedian and singer (d. 1996)
• 1913 – Klaus Barbie, Nazi war criminal (d. 1991)
• 1914 – John Berryman, American poet (d. 1972)
• 1915 – Ivan M. Niven, Canadian mathematician (d. 1999)
• 1917 – Lee MacPhail, American baseball manager and league executive
• 1921 – King Michael I of Romania
• 1923 – Jean Duceppe, Quebec actor (d. 1990)
• 1923 – Bobby Thomson, Scotland born American baseball player (d. 2010)
• 1924 – Billy Barty, American actor (d. 2000)
• 1924 – Henry Sy, Chinese-Filipino businessman
• 1926 – Ismail Gulgee, Pakistani painter
• 1926 – Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian soprano
• 1927 – Barbara Cook, American singer and actress
• 1927 – Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, President of Uruguay
• 1928 – Marion Ross, American actress
• 1928 – Anthony Franciosa, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1931 – Jimmy McIlroy, Irish footballer and football manager
• 1931 – Annie Girardot, French actress
• 1932 – Harry Gregg, Irish footballer and football manager
• 1933 – Eugene "Porky" Lee, American child actor (d. 2005)
• 1935 – Russell Schweickart, astronaut
• 1936 – Sir Martin Gilbert, British historian
• 1936 – Masako Nozawa, Japanese actress
• 1939 – Nikos Nikolaidis, Greek film director and a writer (d. 2007)
• 1939 – Robin Spry, Canadian filmmaker and producer (d. 2005)
• 1940 – Bobby Knight, American basketball coach
• 1941 – Helen Reddy, Australian singer
• 1941 – Anne Tyler, American novelist
• 1944 – Jon Anderson, English singer (Yes)
• 1944 – Kati Kovács, Hungarian singer
• 1944 – James Carville, American political strategist and commentator
• 1945 – Peter Ledger, Australian artist (d. 1994)
• 1947 – Glenn Tipton, English guitarist (Judas Priest)
• 1948 – Dave Cowens, American basketball player and coach
• 1948 – Daniel Mark Epstein, American poet and biographer
• 1948 – Dan Gable, American wrestler and coach
• 1948 – Dan Issel, American basketball player
• 1949 – Réjean Houle, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1950 – Chris Norman, English singer
• 1951 – Richard Lloyd, American guitarist (Television)
• 1952 – Ioannis Kyrastas, Greek footballer and manager (d. 2004)
• 1952 – Samir Geagea, Lebanese Politician
• 1954 – Mike Eruzione, American hockey player
• 1955 – Glynis Barber, English actress
• 1955 – Robin Eubanks, American jazz trombonist
• 1955 – Matthias Jabs, German guitarist (Scorpions)
• 1957 – Nancy Cartwright, American voice actress
• 1958 – Phil Daniels, English actor
• 1958 – Kornelia Ender, East German swimmer
• 1961 – Ward Burton, American auto racer
• 1961 – Chad Smith, American drummer (Red Hot Chili Peppers)
• 1962 – Nick Hancock, British television presenter
• 1962 – Darlene Vogel, American actress
• 1963 – Tracy Nelson, American actress
• 1964 – Michael Boatman, American actor
• 1964 – Nicole, German singer
• 1964 – Kevin Michael Richardson, American actor
• 1965 – Þorsteinn Bachmann, Icelandic actor
• 1965 – 2 Cold Scorpio, American professional wrestler
• 1966 – Wendel Clark, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1966 – Perry Satullo, American professional wrestler
• 1969 – Josef Beranek, Czech ice hockey player
• 1969 – Nika Futterman, American voice actress
• 1969 – Oleg Salenko, Russian footballer
• 1970 – J.A. Adande, American sports columnist
• 1970 – Peter Aerts, Dutch kickboxer and martial artist
• 1970 – Adam Goldberg, American actor
• 1970 – Adam Pascal, American actor
• 1970 – Ed Robertson, Canadian musician (Barenaked Ladies)
• 1971 – Simon Charlton, English footballer
• 1971 – Athena Chu, Hong Kong actress and singer
• 1971 – Neil Fallon, Lead singer of Clutch (band)
• 1971 – Midori Goto, Japanese violinist
• 1971 – Pedro Martínez, Dominican baseball player
• 1972 – Jonathan Torrens, Canadian actor
• 1973 – Lamont Bentley, American actor (d. 2005)
• 1974 – Lee Byung-Kyu, South Korean baseball player
• 1975 – Ryan Clement, former XFL quarterback
• 1975 – Eirik Glambek Bøe, Norwegian musician
• 1976 – Brett Kirk, Australian Rules footballer
• 1976 – Steve Jones, Irish footballer
• 1977 – Yehonathan Gatro, Israeli singer and actor
• 1977 – Birgit Prinz, German footballer
• 1978 – Russell Anderson, Scottish footballer
• 1978 – Markus Pöyhönen, Finnish athlete
• 1979 – Rob Hulse, English footballer
• 1979 – Natasha Khan, British singer (aka Bat For Lashes)
• 1979 – Milena Roucka, Canadian professional wrestler
• 1979 – Sarah Thompson, American actress
• 1979 – Tony Torcato, American baseball player
• 1980 – Sarah Benincasa, American comedian
• 1980 – Mehcad Brooks, American actor and former model
• 1981 – Josh Henderson, American actor and singer
• 1981 – Jerome Isaac Jones, American singer
• 1981 – Austin Winkler, American lead vocalist (Hinder)
• 1981 – Jon Wood, American NASCAR driver
• 1981 – Shaun Wright-Phillips, English footballer
• 1982 – Jerome Carter, American football player
• 1982 – Eman Lam, Hong Kong singer
• 1983 – Han Yeo-reum, South Korean actress
• 1983 – Tim McGarigle, American football player
• 1984 – Sara Helena Lumholdt, Swedish musician (A-Teens)
• 1984 – Katy Perry, American singer
• 1985 – Ciara Harris, American singer
• 1985 – Kara Lynn Joyce, American swimmer and Olympian
• 1986 – DJ Webstar, American disc jockey
• 1986 – Eddie Gaven, American footballer
• 1987 – Darron Gibson, Irish football player
• 1987 – Fabian Hambüchen, German gymnast and Olympic medallist
• 1988 – Shane Edwards, Australian rules footballer
• 1992 – Benjamin Martin, American Footballer
• 1995 – Conchita Campbell, Canadian actress
• 2001 – Princess Elisabeth of Belgium
• 2006 – Krista and Tatiana Hogan, Canadian craniopagus conjoined twins

Deaths

• 304 – Pope Marcellinus
• 625 – Pope Boniface V
• 1047 – King Magnus I of Norway (b. 1024)
• 1154 – King Stephen of England (b. 1096)
• 1200 – Conrad of Wittelsbach, German Archbishop
• 1230 – Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, English soldier (b. 1180)
• 1400 – Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet
• 1415 – Killed in the Battle of Agincourt:

• Charles d'Albret, Count of Dreux and Constable of France
• John I of Alençon (b. 1385)
• Antoine, Duke of Brabant (b. 1384)
• Frederick of Lorraine (b. 1371)
• Philip II, Count of Nevers (b. 1389)
• Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk (b. 1394)
• Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York (b. 1373)

• 1478 – Katarina Kosača, queen consort of Bosnia
• 1492 – Thaddeus McCarthy, Irish Catholic bishop
• 1495 – King John II of Portugal (b. 1455)
• 1514 – William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop and statesman (b. 1431)
• 1555 – Olympia Fulvia Morata, Italian classical scholar (b. 1526)
• 1557 – William Cavendish, English politician (b. 1505)
• 1633 – Jean Titelouze, French organist
• 1647 – Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (b. 1608)
• 1683 – William Scroggs, Lord Chief Justice of England
• 1733 – Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (b. 1667)
• 1757 – Antoine Augustine Calmet, French theologian (b. 1672)
• 1760 – George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)
• 1806 – Henry Knox, American general and politician (b. 1750)
• 1826 – Philippe Pinel, French psychiatrist (b. 1745)
• 1833 – Abbas Mirza, prince of Persia (b. 1789)
• 1852 – John C. Clark, American politician (b. 1793)
• 1889 – Émile Augier, French dramatist (b. 1820)
• 1895 – Charles Hallé, German pianist and conductor (b. 1819)
• 1910 – Willie Anderson, Scottish-born golfer (b. 1878)
• 1920 – King Alexander I of Greece (b. 1893)
• 1920 – Terence MacSwiney, Lord Mayor of Cork, died on Hunger Strike, Brixton Prison, England (b. 1879)
• 1921 – Bat Masterson, American journalist and lawman (b. 1853)
• 1938 – Alfonsina Storni, Argentine poet (b. 1892)
• 1945 – Robert Ley, Nazi German leader (b. 1890)
• 1953 – Holger Pedersen, Danish linguist (b. 1867)
• 1955 – Sadako Sasaki atomic bomb victim (b. 1943)
• 1957 – Albert Anastasia, Italian-born gangster (b. 1902)
• 1957 – Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany, Irish writer (b. 1878)
• 1960 – Harry Ferguson, farm equipment manufacturer (b. 1884)
• 1963 – Roger Désormière, French conductor (b. 1898)
• 1965 – Eduard Einstein, son of Albert Einstein (b. 1910)
• 1973 – Robert Scholl, German politician, father of Hans and Sophie Scholl (b. 1891)
• 1973 – Cleo Moore, American actress (b. 1928)
• 1973 – Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian athlete (b. 1932)
• 1975 – Vladimir Herzog, Brazilian journalist and activist (b.1937) (murdered)
• 1976 – Raymond Queneau, French poet and novelist (b. 1903)
• 1980 – Virgil Fox, American organist (b. 1912)
• 1985 – Gary Holton, English actor (b. 1952)
• 1986 – Forrest Tucker, American actor (b. 1919)
• 1991 – Bill Graham, American rock promoter (b. 1931)
• 1992 – Roger Miller, American musician and composer (b. 1936)
• 1993 – Danny Chan, Hong Kong singer/songwriter (b. 1958)
• 1993 – Vincent Price, American actor (b. 1911)
• 1994 – Kara Spears Hultgreen, American naval pilot (b. 1965)
• 1994 – Mildred Natwick, American actress (b. 1905)
• 1995 – Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (b. 1918)
• 1995 – Viveca Lindfors, Swedish-born actress (b. 1920)
• 1998 – Warren Wiebe, American singer (b. 1953)
• 1999 – Payne Stewart, American golfer (b. 1957)
• 2002 – Richard Harris, Irish actor (b. 1930)
• 2002 – Paul Wellstone, U.S. Senator from Minnesota (b. 1944)
• 2002 – René Thom, French mathematician (b. 1923)
• 2003 – Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Founder Swadhyay Movement (b. 1920)
• 2003 – Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish cross-country skier (b. 1925)
• 2003 – Robert Strassburg, American composer (b. 1915)
• 2004 – John Peel, British disc jockey (b. 1939)
• 2005 – Wellington Mara, American football team owner (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Danny Rolling, American murderer (b. 1954) (executed)
• 2007 – Martín Caballero, commander of the Caribbean Bloc of the FARC-EP (KIA)
• 2008 – Anne Pressly, American news anchor (b. 1982)

Holidays and observances

• Armed Forces Day (Romania)
• Christian Feast Day
  • Blessed Thaddeus McCarthy
  • Crysanthus and Daria (Western Christianity)
  • Crispin and Crispian
  • Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
  • Gaudentius of Brescia
  • Minias of Florence
• Republic Day (Kazakhstan)
• Retrocession Day (Taiwan)
• Thanksgiving Day (Grenada)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada